What characterizes cyclothymic disorder?

Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by mood disturbances that are chronic and fluctuating but do not meet the full criteria for either hypomanic episodes or major depressive episodes. This means that individuals with cyclothymic disorder experience periods of elevated mood and periods of depressive symptoms; however, these do not reach the severity required for a diagnosis of hypomania or major depression. The presence of these subthreshold mood episodes over a period of at least two years (one year in children and adolescents) is what distinguishes cyclothymic disorder from other mood disorders.

The correct understanding of cyclothymic disorder lies in recognizing the nature and duration of the mood symptoms present. Unlike the complete episodes required for other mood disorders, the symptoms in cyclothymic disorder are less severe but still contribute to significant distress or impairment, emphasizing the chronicity of the condition.