What symptoms characterize caffeine withdrawal?

Caffeine withdrawal is characterized by a range of symptoms that occur after a reduction or cessation of caffeine intake. Marked fatigue and difficulty concentrating are significant indicators of this withdrawal process. When an individual who regularly consumes caffeine suddenly stops, the absence of this stimulant can lead to feelings of tiredness and an inability to focus, as the body adjusts to functioning without caffeine's stimulating effects.

These symptoms often emerge within 12-24 hours after the last caffeine dose and can last several days. Understanding how the body becomes dependent on caffeine for energy and alertness highlights why withdrawal leads to these specific experiences of fatigue and cognitive challenges.

In contrast, the other options present symptoms or effects that do not align with caffeine withdrawal. Cardiac arrhythmias and severe agitation may relate to excessive caffeine intake rather than withdrawal. Similarly, increased energy and active alertness, as well as enhanced emotional well-being and coping, are contrary to the decreased energy and cognitive difficulties typically reported during withdrawal.