Which disorder is characterized by deficits in intellectual ability during the developmental period?

Intellectual Developmental Disorder is specifically defined by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which manifest during the developmental period. This diagnosis is characterized by an IQ score typically below 70, along with challenges in everyday skills necessary for independent functioning, which can range from personal care to social skills and academic performance.

The criteria for intellectual developmental disorder emphasize that the onset occurs during the developmental period, confirming that it is a lifelong condition that impacts individuals from a young age. This disorder is recognized in the DSM-5-TR due to its prominence in influencing an individual's learning and behavior throughout their life.

In contrast, Social Communication Disorder focuses on difficulties with social use of verbal and nonverbal communication but does not inherently involve deficits in intellectual functioning. Global Developmental Delay refers to significant delays in various developmental areas in children under the age of five but is typically a temporary diagnosis until more specific conditions can be identified. Speech Sound Disorder pertains to challenges in speech production and articulation but does not affect intellectual abilities. Hence, Intellectual Developmental Disorder is the appropriate choice since it directly addresses deficits in intellectual capacity from an early developmental stage.