Which factor must be present to qualify for Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder?

To qualify for Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder, the presence of prolonged severe substance use is essential. This disorder is characterized by a significant impairment in cognitive function resulting from the effects of substances or medications. The DSM-5-TR specifies that this impairment must occur during or shortly after the significant use of a substance, reinforcing the idea that the neurocognitive decline is directly linked to the substance's effects on brain function.

The requirement for prolonged severe substance use underscores the notion that not just any minor or short-term use, but rather a substantial and ongoing consumption of substances can lead to a notable deterioration in cognitive capabilities. This context is crucial for distinguishing it from neurocognitive disorders arising from other medical conditions or neurodegenerative diseases.

The other factors listed, such as documented prion disease or an established diagnosis of Huntington's Disease, relate to neurocognitive disorders induced by specific medical conditions rather than by substance use. Multiple etiologies contributing to decline would suggest a more complex interplay of factors leading to cognitive impairment but does not align specifically with the criteria for Substance/Medication-Induced Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder.