Which symptom indicates alterations in cognition and mood related to PTSD?

The symptom indicating alterations in cognition and mood related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the presence of exaggerated beliefs about personal worthlessness. This symptom reflects a common cognitive distortion seen in individuals with PTSD, where the trauma can lead to negative self-perceptions and self-blame. Such distorted thinking patterns can manifest as feelings of guilt, shame, and helplessness, contributing significantly to the emotional distress experienced by those with PTSD.

In contrast, persistent positive emotions and marked interest in significant activities do not align with the cognitive and mood alterations associated with PTSD, as they indicate a more positive engagement with life and a sense of well-being. Enhanced relationships with others also suggests a more constructive emotional state, which is typically not present during the cognitive disturbances seen in PTSD. Thus, exaggerating negative beliefs about oneself is a more accurate representation of the cognitive and mood alterations that arise from the trauma experienced in PTSD.